The Controversy Surrounding Aspartame And Its Effect On...

Who uses the sweetener or consume diet drinks may have heard of the controversy surrounding aspartame. The product has been linked with diseases or disorders such as migraine, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer, cancer, lymphomas, and brain tumors, among others. This association is mainly caused by the fact metabolized in the human body-releasing methanol, a chemical compound that has toxic and accumulative effect on the nervous system. Despite being naturally present in small amounts in chicken in the meat, the beans and skim milk when ingested in large quantities methanol can cause blindness, among other problems. This fact has been known since the approval of aspartame in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However,†¦show more content†¦Aspartame is composed of aspartic acid (40%), phenylalanine (50%) and methanol (10%), the substance is present in sweetening but is also used by the food industry because of the lack of calories (recommended to persons wh o are dieting) and the fact of not being sugar, sweeten but 200 times more (recommended for diabetics). In the opinion of the director of Abran (2005), considering that table sugar is caries (tooth decay), unlike aspartame, and that obesity is a worldwide epidemic, sweeteners can help combat excess calories in the diet. according to ANVISA, only people who are born with the problem of difficulty to metabolize phenylalanine (a condition called PKU) should avoid aspartame and foods containing phenylalanine (fish, chicken, beans, milk, etc). If industrial products, such as soft drinks, there is usually a warning on the label or packaging on the presence of phenylalanine. Scientifics Resource Nevertheless, concerns persist with the product. And intensified, especially after the publication in 2005 of an Italian study of 1,800 mice, which did not establish a relationship between the consumption of aspartame and the development of brain tumors, but showed a statistically significantly higher incidence of lymphoma, leukemia and malignant tumors of kidney tumors in females and males peripheral

Electronic Medical Records (Emr) Project` Essay - 1615 Words

Running Head: ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR) PROJECT` Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Project CMGT/410 University of Phoenix Table of Contents Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Project 3 Background 3 Statement of Need 3 Objectives 3 Mission and Goals of Project 3 Tasks 4 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 5 Critical Path Method (CPM) 6 Performance Measurement 8 Project Plan 8 References 10 Table of Figures Figure 1: Level One 5 Figure 2: Level Two 6 Figure 3 - Critical Path 7 Figure 4: Gantt Chart 9 Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Project Background Patton-Fuller Community Hospital is a nonprofit Healthcare organization in the city of Kelsey that has provided quality†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Decomposition is the subdivision of project deliverables into smaller task more manageable components until the deliverables are defined to the package level (PMBOK, 2004). Decomposition of the total project involves identifying what need to be delivered, organizing the task in work packages and then executed. The First level of the WBS defines and organizes all of the task required to complete the overall project. The plan for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital; the overall goal is to implement an Electronic Medical Records System. To achieve the goal the requirements must be gathered, the system designed, the integration of the systems with the excising systems completed and finally the deployment of the system for use. All of these steps make up the phases of the overall goal of the project. [pic] Figure 1: Level One At the Second Level of the WBS the level one task are decomposed. The second levels of the WBS consist of the major task needed complete each phase of the level one task. As a result the first level task of gathering and implementing requirements is made up of the smaller task such as Architecture review, systems requirements, integration and deployment. Each of these task need to be completed to deliver the level one task. [pic] Figure 2: Level Two The third level of the WBS contains the entire collection of subtask that are required to complete the level two task. Each of these task are considered workShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Faced By The Student Run Clinic1451 Words   |  6 Pagesof older traditional paper medical record to an electronic record system (EMR). However, there are a number of sub-problems that needs to be addressed when implementing the transition, which are: a proper EMR application, work force, and analysis skills not limited to time and cost. In simpler words, the problem faced is mainly the lack of a proper way to implement EMR. There is privacy right over one’s health information; despite what form is used paper or electronic. 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Activity Based Costing Free Essays

Probably the most popular proposal to upgrade the traditional cost accounting system is activity-based costing (ABC). The purpose of ABC systems is to focus on the causes behind indirect costs. It is primarily a system of allocation. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Costing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Activities rather than traditional departments are emphasized in order to isolate the cost drivers, which are the factors most likely to cause or contribute to the incurrence of costs. ABC systems are designed to be complementary with the technological changes in the factories due to enhanced global competition. t refers to the basis for cost accumulation, either direct or indirect, to products or services. The traditional approach to assigning costs to products is to attach those costs that are directly traceable to the product and allocate the indirect costs by a measure of volume, such as direct labor hours, direct labor dollars, or machine hours. According to Anderson and Kaplan (2004), a cardinal principle of ABC is this: if products or services are made to specifications known to add value for the customer, then activities, and hence costs, that can be removed without compromising these specifications are unnecessary and should be removed. Benefits of ABC Systems to Companies Companies can benefit from ABC through the system’s attempt to improve the allocation of indirect costs by identifying the activities that are responsible for the costs. Costs and expenses that cannot be economically traced directly to a cost objective are to be allocated on a rational basis. Costs and expenses that can be directly traced to a revenue-producing division, a single product line, or to any defined cost objective need not be allocated. Traditionally, only direct materials and direct labor were assumed to be directly traceable to separate product lines. That assumption will no longer be followed. Instead, it will be assumed that elements of manufacturing overhead, administrative expenses, and marketing expenses may be economically traced to product lines, or revenue-producing divisions. ABC as a process-based approach represents one capital budgeting strategy for analyzing investment opportunities which allows managers to vary the underlying activity drivers in business processes in order to study the impact of different levels in the process itself. Managers have the potential to learn much more about investment risks when they study the uncertainties in the business processes, rather than the traditional overview approach. This traditional approach has typically focused upon highly aggregated revenue and cost items that are merely the result of business processes. Contemporary organizations normally develop activity-based costing systems to provide more accuracy in assigning indirect and support costs to activities, business processes, products, services, and customers. ABC systems have recognized that organizational resources are needed both for direct production of goods and services and for indirect or support activities (Neely, 2002). The goal of organizations is for the ABC to measure and then price out all the resources used for activities that generate the production off and services for customers. The principal difference between the traditional costing methods and ABC systems is the number and type of cost drivers used. The traditional product costing systems uses allocation bases that may or may not have been cost drivers. Companies may find that direct labor is not a cost driver and may never be a cost driver, especially in highly automated production environments. Therefore, these companies utilize the ABC system because it uses a much larger number and variety of cost drivers than the one or two volume-based cost drivers typical for a traditional cost system. As a result the ABC method increases accuracy. Application and Benefits of ABC in the Pilgrims Manufacturing Inc. Company Activity-based costing system is effective and appropriate for the company because, as Hammer and Champy (1993) state, it facilitates the use of process-based management that represents an evolving management strategy for highly competitive environments, as opposed to the traditional, departmental management focus. Moreover, activity-based costing focuses upon the broader control span of cross-functional processes of how work really gets done in organizations, as opposed to the narrow control span of individual departments of organizations. Business processes have been discussed as a series of activities that are cross-functionally linked to achieve specific organizational objectives. An activity-based costing system should be developed within the company to satisfy some of the weaknesses of the traditional systems of accounting for and controlling costs. It is important to recognize the place of ABC systems in the overall picture of cost management. In traditional cost systems, direct materials and labor are the only costs traced directly to the product. Manufacturing overhead costs, by definition, are not traced, but allocated to the product. They may be traced to an activity or a service department or some other cost objective, but not to the product itself. Administrative, engineering and marketing expenses are not included in production costs even when they can be traced directly to the product. ABC along with other new concepts such as computer-integrated manufacturing and total cost management advocate changes in the traditional system to coincide with technological changes in the production process. Once the factory has been reorganized to provide maximum efficiency and minimum wasted resources, the cost system can be streamlined to serve the needs of managers, not just to satisfy the presentation of data in the financial statements. ABC seeks to identify activities that cause or drive costs. Once these activities are identified, product costs are assigned according to the activities consumed. Typical activities would be storage time, wait time, number of setups, number of engineering changes, and move time. The traditional cost system usually assumes that the only relevant activities are volume (measured in units of product), direct labor hours, or direct labor dollars. ABC expands these activities and claims better assignment of overhead as a result. WORKS CITED 1. Anderson, S. Kaplan, R. (2004). Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing. Harvard Business Review, November, pp. 131-138. 2. Hammer, M. Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the Corporation. New York, NY: Harper Business. 3. Neely, A. (2002). Business Performance Measurement: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. How to cite Activity Based Costing, Papers